Lab Tests

Doctor-reviewed guides to the blood tests Indian labs actually run: what each value measures, the normal range, and what to do about a result outside it.

A Sapiens-branded blood collection tube labelled PSA, with a ribbed cream cap and dark red blood inside, lying diagonally on a soft peach surface in warm sunlight and casting a long shadow. Text on the left reads: Prostate health. PSA, explained.

PSA Test: Normal Range by Age, High PSA and Cost in India

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

PSA test reference values by age from 86,728 Indian men, what a high PSA means at each level, why finasteride roughly halves it, and the cost in India.

Torn-paper collage of two engraved anatomical drawings: a side-on cross-section of a brain with the pituitary gland coloured blue, and a cross-section of a breast with its lobules and ducts tinted terracotta, joined by a gold arrow across a dotted field on a cream background.

Fasting Insulin Test and HOMA-IR: Normal Range and Formula

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

HOMA-IR is fasting insulin × fasting glucose ÷ 405. Normal ranges from 2024 to 2026 studies, Indian cut-offs, why two labs disagree, and the test price.

A Sapiens-branded glass vacutainer with a fluted gold cap standing upright on a pale cream surface in soft directional daylight, its shadow falling to the right.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Symptoms, Normal Range & Test Price

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

Vitamin B12 deficiency: symptoms, the normal range in pg/mL and pmol/L, what a borderline result means, causes in India, recovery time and test price.

Urine sample container with dipstick on a tray: a clear plastic specimen cup with a white screw cap, half filled with pale straw-yellow urine, stands on a cream surface in bright directional light, beside a white ceramic tray holding a reagent strip whose row of small square pads runs from cream and pale yellow through amber and olive to a single teal pad at the end.

Urine Routine Test: Normal Range, Pus Cells, Price

Written by Dr. B. Akash Reddy, MBBS

Urine routine test normal range: pH 4.5 to 8, pus cells 0 to 5 per HPF, protein and sugar nil. How to read each line, what it misses, and price in India.

Painterly still life: six glass test tubes stand in a worn wooden rack on a stone ledge against a cracked cream plaster wall, the liquid in them graded left to right from colourless through pale straw, yellow and amber to deep orange-brown and almost black-brown.

Bilirubin Test: Normal Range, Direct & Indirect, High Levels

Written by Dr. B. Akash Reddy, MBBS

Bilirubin test explained: normal range for total, direct and indirect, what high bilirubin means, why fasting can raise it, and the price in India.

A torn-paper collage: an antique engraving of a head in cross-section on cream paper, the pituitary gland inked deep blue and ringed in gold beside a small typeset tag reading PITUITARY, set over a gold halftone sun and a band of navy paper.

Prolactin Test: Normal Range, High Levels, Price in India

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

Prolactin test explained: the normal range in ng/mL and µIU/mL, what high prolactin means at each level, macroprolactin, and the price in India.

Woodblock illustration of a man in an orange kurta at a table by a window, checking a handheld glucometer with a notebook and pen beside him.

Sugar Test Machine Price in India 2026 + How to Use It

Written by Dr. B. Akash Reddy, MBBS

Sugar test machine price in India: kits from ₹558, strips ₹8.43 to ₹29.98 a test. How to use a glucometer, how accurate it is, and why lab readings differ.

An ink-wash painting of a tall narrow sedimentation tube standing upright in a tripod stand, a pale empty column at the top above the dark settled column of blood that has fallen to the bottom.

ESR Test: Normal Range by Age & Sex, High ESR, Price

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

ESR test explained: normal range by age and sex, why women run higher, what a high ESR means, how temperature and method change the number, price in India.

Minimalist illustration of a round white ceiling smoke detector with a single red light on a cream background, a thin wisp of grey smoke drifting up towards it.

CRP Test: Normal Range, High CRP Meaning, Price in India

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

CRP test explained: where healthy levels usually sit, what 10, 50 and 100 mg/L mean, the mg/dL trap, hs-CRP heart-risk bands, and CRP test price in India.

Family dinner table with dal, rice, and fresh salad — balanced Indian meal for healthy blood sugar

Normal Sugar Level by Age: Chart, Fasting and After Eating

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

Normal sugar level by age: fasting under 100 mg/dL, two-hour under 140 on a glucose load. The same lines at 25 and 75, and why a normal fasting misleads.

Illustration of a woman standing at the glass railing of a sunlit apartment balcony in the early morning, holding a white cup in both hands and looking out over a landscaped garden courtyard, where one person waters a planting bed and another walks a path between clipped hedges and a white-flowering tree.

TSH Normal Range: Levels by Age, for Women, High and Low

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

TSH normal range is about 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L, though Indian labs print up to 5.5. What high and low TSH mean, ranges by age, for women, and in pregnancy.

A round culture plate photographed from above on a cream background: a pale yellow bacterial lawn carrying seven small white antibiotic discs, most of them ringed by a clear amber circle where growth has stopped, the rings differing in width from disc to disc, and the disc in the middle of the plate carrying no ring at all.

Urine Culture Test: How to Read the Report, CFU and Growth

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

Urine culture test, decoded: what no growth, mixed growth and CFU/mL mean, why 100,000 is not a hard cut-off, and how to read the S, I and R list.

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Neutrophils Normal Range: Percentage, ANC, High and Low

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

Neutrophils normal range explained: percentage, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and polymorphs on your CBC, why ranges vary, and when results need review.

Polarised-light microscopy on a black field: dozens of long, straight, needle-shaped crystals lying at every angle and crossing over one another, each one glowing along its length in either bright yellow or deep blue.

Uric Acid: Normal Range, High Levels and What They Mean

Written by Dr. B. Akash Reddy, MBBS

Uric acid ranges vary by lab. See common ranges for women and men, what 6.8, 7, 8 or 9 mg/dL means, causes, test price in India and when treatment is needed.

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How to Increase Hemoglobin: What Works and How Fast

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

How to increase hemoglobin: find the cause first; when iron helps, how to take it, what to eat, what blocks absorption, and how fast Hb rises (~1 g/dL a month).

A blood-agar culture plate photographed from directly above: a round petri dish of deep red medium, its lid off, with small pale cream-coloured bacterial colonies growing in a scatter of dots and short streak lines across the surface.

Typhoid Test: Widal, Typhidot or Blood Culture

Written by Dr. B. Akash Reddy, MBBS

Typhoid test explained: why blood culture confirms it and gives antibiotic sensitivity, what Widal and Typhidot can and cannot say, which test on which day, and prices in India.

A dark bedroom at night, lit only from within a tall bell-shaped mosquito net hung over the bed: the silhouette of a person sitting up inside it, reading a book by a small bedside lamp.

Dengue Test: NS1, IgM, IgG & Which to Do When

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

Dengue test explained: NS1 antigen on days 1 to 5, IgM after day 5, what IgG means, how to read your report, rapid card vs ELISA, and what it costs in India.

An illustration of one hemoglobin molecule on a cream ground: four ribbon-wound globin lobes, two red and two blue, arranged in a square, each lobe cradling a flat gold heme ring with a single glowing orange iron atom at its centre.

Hemoglobin Normal Range: Levels by Age, Low & High Hb

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

What 13–17 g/dL for men and 12–15 for women mean, where the WHO 2024 anemia cut-offs sit in pregnancy and childhood, and the reasons a hemoglobin drops.

A single red blood cell rendered in three dimensions against a pale grey background: a deep red biconcave disc, thick and rounded at the rim and dipping to a thin, lighter hollow at its centre, with no nucleus.

RBC Count Normal Range: Men, Women, Low & High

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

What 4.5–5.5 million/µL means for men and 3.8–4.8 for women, why a healthy Indian can sit outside the printed range, and the pattern that points to thalassemia trait.

A sunlit gallery wall hung with five tall panels, one for each type of white blood cell: neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil and basophil, each rendered as a large three-dimensional cell in violet, blue or coral with its lobed or rounded nucleus visible, captioned with the job it does. A single visitor stands looking up at them.

WBC Count: Normal Range, and What Moves It Up or Down

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

Normal WBC count is 4,000 to 11,000 cells per microliter. What TLC and DLC mean on your report, what moves the count up or down, and when to see a doctor.

A microscopy-style render on a black background: at right, a dense clump of activated platelets, each a pale spiky body with long thin arms, tangled together in a web of fine fibrin strands; at left, four smooth lens-shaped platelets float free.

Platelet Count: What Low Platelets Mean, in Dengue and Beyond

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

What 1 lakh or 70,000 actually means, why platelets fall in dengue and when they recover, and the warning signs that matter more than the number.

A row of eight glass test tubes in a black rack against a dark navy background: the four on the left hold clear liquid over a settled white deposit, the four on the right are evenly cloudy.

Widal Test: Normal Range, 1:80, 1:160 and What It Misses

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

What 1:80 and 1:160 mean, why healthy Indians test positive, when the Widal misses typhoid, and the test that actually confirms it.

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Ferritin Test: Normal Range, Low & High Levels

Written by Dr. B. Akash Reddy, MBBS

The WHO cut-offs, why Indian lab ranges differ, what 12, 18 or 25 means, and why ferritin falls long before haemoglobin does.

Doctor showing an Indian woman patient her lab trend charts (Glucose, Kidney eGFR, Liver ALT) over 12 months on a laptop.

GLP-1 Blood Tests Before Ozempic, Mounjaro or Wegovy

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

No single GLP-1 blood-test panel is mandated. What doctors commonly check before Ozempic, Mounjaro or Wegovy in India, and which results change the plan.

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LFT Test: Normal Ranges and How to Read Your Liver Report

Written by Dr. B. Akash Reddy, MBBS

What an LFT measures, normal SGPT and SGOT ranges, what a raised value means in India, whether fasting is needed, and what it costs.

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Full Body Checkup in India: Tests, Cost, Fasting & Results

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

A full body checkup is blood and urine, not a scan. What the seven core panels find, what it should cost, whether to fast — and why the value is in what you do after the report.

A young South Asian woman in a blue kurta with a shoulder bag walking down a sunlit neighbourhood street at golden hour

CBC Test (Complete Blood Count): What Every Value Means

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

What a CBC measures, normal ranges for men and women, what high and low values mean, and the next test by pattern.

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HbA1c Test: Normal Range, Levels Chart & What Your Result Means

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

HbA1c ranges, glucose (eAG) chart, how to lower it — and the India caveat that anemia can skew results.

A South Asian woman on a balcony at sunrise, eyes closed and face turned up to the morning sun, holding a warm mug above a hazy city skyline

Vitamin D Deficiency: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

Vitamin D deficiency signs, causes, and what treatment actually looks like — why it is common in India and who really needs testing.

A South Asian woman in her forties sitting on a bed in warm afternoon light, quietly paused with a mug of tea

Thyroid Test (TSH, T3, T4): What Your Results Actually Mean

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

How to read TSH, T3 and T4 — and why one number can shift without meaning what you fear.

Older man relaxing on a rooftop terrace at golden hour

Kidney Function Test (KFT/RFT): Normal Range and How to Read Your Report

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

How to read creatinine, urea, eGFR, uric acid and electrolytes — and when an out-of-range number is genuinely nothing versus one worth following up.

A middle-aged Indian man laughing on a wet badminton court, towel around his neck, racquet in hand

Lipid Profile Test: Normal Range and What Your Numbers Actually Mean

Written by Dr. Tarun Reddy, MBBS

How to read cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, non-HDL and ApoB — and why South Asian patterns matter.